Snake Bites

Do snake bites occur in Australia?  

In Australia there are about 6000 snake bites per year reported by veterinary hospitals. The most common snakes involved are Brown Snakes, then Tiger and Black Snakes.

Improved supportive treatment and the availability of effective anti-venoms have reduced the fatality rate considerably. However, deaths unfortunately do occur, and life saving treatment can be both intensive and costly.

How common are snake bites?

Snakes usually only attack in self defence (as a result of being stepped on or disturbed by an inquisitive dog). Bites are therefore relatively rare. Veterinarians in areas where snakes are found do see a number of suspected cases each year but it is very rare to actually witness the bite.

How can I tell if my dog has been bitten?

Limbs and face are the most common sites. The poisonous venom causes rapid severe swelling, dark in colour, in the centre of which two small puncture wounds (fang marks) may be seen.  However, often the bite site is not found. The dog will show signs of acute pain and  appear nervous and apprehensive.

Toxins injected with the venom affect the nervous system which results in muscle tremors, incoordination, collapse and occasionally death. Severity and rapidity of onset of signs depend on the type of snake, the site of the bite, and the amount of venom injected.  Other toxins may cause signs of haemorrhage and bruising.

"Toxins injected with the venom affect the nervous system which results in muscle tremors, incoordination, collapse and occasionally death."

Is a snake bite an emergency?

Yes. If you suspect a snake bite contact a veterinarian immediately giving accurate details of history and signs you have noted.

Is there any first aid treatment?

• First aid is aimed at reducing the rapid spread of venom in the body.
• If possible, carry rather than allow the dog to walk.
• DO NOT wash the area of the bite! It is extremely important to retain traces of venom for use with venom identification kits.
• If a limb is affected apply a tourniquet using a tie, stocking etc.  Loosen for approximately half a minute every five to ten minutes. Stop lymphatic spread – bandage firmly, splint and immobilize.
• Keep your pet quiet and warm on the journey to veterinarian.
• Do NOT attempt to catch or kill the snake. If the snake is dead, bring the snake with you.

What is the treatment for a snake bite?

Usually after a series of tests including a snake venom detection kit, an appropriate anti-venom is administered under close observation. Intensive monitoring and supportive care such as intravenous fluids and pain relief are given. Some cases will also require respiratory support such as oxygen or even ventilation.

What is the prognosis?

It depends on the snake which has bitten the dog and the site of the snake bite. Australia is unfortunately home to some of the world’s deadliest snakes, and the outlook for survival depends on prompt action and appropriate medical treatment.