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Various treatments are available for treatment of different types of stones (calculi, uroliths) affecting the urinary system. These medicines dissolve the stones or inhibit their formation.
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Various medications are used to treat diarrhoea. Some act by lining the gut so it is protected while it heals. Other medications slow down the movement of the intestines. Other medications have anti-inflammatory activity.
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Trilostane is used in dogs with overactive adrenal glands (hyperadrenocorticism or Cushing's syndrome).
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Maintaining nutritional intake in sick cats is vitally important. Unlike healthy cats that are able to reduce their metabolic rate when not being fed, cats that are unwell are unable to turn their rate down and will therefore 'starve' much more quickly.
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Tumours of the blood cells made in the marrow are rare. There is a continuum from dysplasias (abnormal growths) to cancers (myeloproliferative disease).
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This is a tumour of the lymphatic vessels of the skin or subcutaneous tissue. Some lymphatic tumours are benign (lymphangioma) and some malignant (lymphangiosarcoma).
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Tumours that occur on the haired eyelids are similar to those arising elsewhere in the skin. They include cysts, overgrowths (hyperplasias), benign (non-spreading) and occasionally malignant (spreading) cancers.
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Cancers of the pancreas are of two main types, those arising from the part which produces enzymes to aid digestion (exocrine) and those arising from the groups of cells that produce hormones such as insulin (endocrine).
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Tumours of the spleen are common in older dogs, but rare in cats.
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Most swellings and tumours of the uterus are not cancerous. The commonest in the female dog is cystic endometrial hyperplasia (overgrowth of the inner lining of the uterus) due to hormone stimulation.