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  • Heart disease can be divided into two groups, congenital and adult onset forms. In congenital disease the defect is present at birth. The cause of most types of adult onset heart disease is unknown. Heart disease is relatively common in cats, and treatments will depend on the cause of the problem.

  • When the heart fails to pump sufficient blood around the body it tries to compensate by changing the rate and sometimes the strength of contractions. Pooling of blood in the organs and tissues of the body leads to signs of congestion.

  • Cardiomyopathy is degeneration of the heart muscle so that the heart, which is basically a muscle pump progressively fails.

  • Heart failure is the inability of the heart to maintain a circulation sufficient to meet the body's needs. Heart failure most usually describes a failure of the heart muscle (myocardial failure).

  • Heartworm disease (dirofilariasis) is a serious and potentially fatal disease in dogs in many parts of the world. It is caused by a worm called Dirofilaria immitis.

  • One of the disadvantages of owning a pet bitch is that she comes into oestrus or heat (season) every 4-14 months depending on the breed.

  • The most common cause of heatstroke or hyperthermia is the confinement of a dog in a car with inadequate ventilation. In such circumstances the condition can occur with frightening rapidity.

  • This tumour is a disordered and purposeless overgrowth of modified sebaceous glands known as the hepatoid glands. These glands only occur in dogs. T

  • Orthomolecular (from 'ortho' meaning 'right') therapy is the prevention and treatment of disease by using nutritional supplements. The health of the patient as well as their diet, environment and other external factors are taken into account.

  • Hip dysplasia is a deformity of the hip which occurs during the growing period.